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1.
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics ; (6): 121-124, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-970891

ABSTRACT

Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is a rare and early-onset neurodegenerative disease caused by variants of the SACS gene which maps to chromosome 13q11 and encodes sacsin protein. Sacsin is highly expressed in large motor neurons, in particular cerebellar Purkinje cells. This article has provided a review for the structure and function of sacsin protein and the mechanisms underlying abnormalities of sacsin in ARSACS disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/pathology , Ataxia/genetics , Muscle Spasticity/genetics
2.
Chinese Journal of Medical Genetics ; (6): 558-562, 2023.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-981788

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical feature and genetic variant of a child with autosomal recessive Charlevoix-Saguenay type spastic ataxia (ARSACS).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of a child who was admitted to the West China Second Hospital of Sichuan University on April 30, 2021 was collected. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was carried out for the child and his parents. Candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG).@*RESULTS@#The child, a 3-year-and-3-month-old female, had a complain of "walking instability for over a year". Physical and laboratory examination revealed progressive and aggravated gait instability, increased muscle tone of the right limbs, peripheral neuropathy of the lower limbs, and thickening of retinal nerve fiber layer. The results of WES revealed that she has harbored a maternally derived heterozygous deletion of exons 1 to 10 of the SACS gene, in addition with a de novo heterozygous c.3328dupA variant in exon 10 of the SACS gene. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the exons 1-10 deletion was rated as likely pathogenic (PVS1+PM2_Supporting), and the c.3328dupA was rated as a pathogenic variant (PVS1_Strong+PS2+PM2_Supporting). Neither variant was recorded in the human population databases.@*CONCLUSION@#The c.3328dupA variant and the deletion of exons 1-10 of the SACS gene probably underlay the ARSACS in this patient.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Child, Preschool , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Mutation , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/pathology
3.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(3): 417-423, jun. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126181

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: La trombosis senovenosa cerebral neonatal (TSVC), es una patología rara y generalmente grave, de la cual se conoce poco sobre los mecanismos fisiopatológicos responsables y, aunque controvertido, se ha sugerido que la trombofilia genética, puede desempeñar un rol en la patogénesis. Debido a los temores de un sangrado intracraneal el tratamiento anticoagulante con heparina de bajo peso mole cular es controvertido. Objetivo: presentar un recién nacido con una trombosis senovenosa cerebral neonatal, discutir los factores de riesgo trombofílico, y el manejo con heparina de bajo peso molecu lar de la trombosis venosa cerebral. Caso Clínico: Recién nacido de término que debutó a los 8 días de vida con convulsiones clónicas, rechazo al pecho más hipoactividad motora. La neuroimagen con RM mostró una TSVC involucrando múltiples senos venosos, un infarto hemorrágico talámico dere cho y congestión venosa de la sustancia blanca frontal. El estudio de trombofilia puso de relieve una mutación homocigota del gen MTHFR C677T. El tratamiento con heparina de bajo peso molecular se asoció a repermeabilización del seno sagital superior a los 23 días de iniciada la terapia. Conclusio nes: La presentación clínica de la TSVC en el neonato es inespecífica, probablemente en relación con la extensión y gravedad de la lesión y el desarrollo de complicaciones asociadas, como infartos he morrágicos venosos intraparenquimatosos o hemorragia intraventricular. Estas complicaciones son detectables mediante Ecografia o Resonancia Magnética, y deben hacer sospechar una TSVC. En esta experiencia el tratamiento anticoagulante mostró ser seguro y prevenir la extensión de la trombosis.


Abstract: Introduction: Neonatal cerebral sinovenous thrombosis (CSNT) is a rare and generally serious con dition about which there is little knowledge of the responsible pathophysiological mechanisms and, although controversial, it has been suggested that genetic thrombophilia may play a role in its patho genesis. Out of concern for intracranial bleeding, the anticoagulant treatment with low-molecular- weight heparin is controversial. Objective: To present a case of a newborn with neonatal CSNT, to analyze the thrombophilic risk factors, and the management of cerebral venous thrombosis with low-molecular-weight heparin. Clinical Case: Full-term newborn who presented at eight days of life breastfeeding rejection, clonic seizures, and locomotor hypoactivity. The MRI neuroimaging showed a CSNT involving multiple venous sinuses, a right thalamic hemorrhagic infarction, and venous congestion in frontal white matter. Thrombophilia study highlighted a homozygous MTHFR C677T mutation. Treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin was associated with repermeabilization of the superior sagittal sinus after 23 days of starting therapy. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of CSNT in the neonate is nonspecific, probably related to the extent and severity of the injury and the development of associated complications, such as venous hemorrhagic infarctions and intraparenchymal or intraventricular hemorrhage. These complications are detected through ultrasound or MRI, and they should make us suspect a CSNT. In this experience, the anticoagulant treatment proved to be safe and prevents thrombus propagation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Infant, Newborn , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/diagnosis , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/etiology , Enoxaparin/therapeutic use , Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/deficiency , Homocystinuria/diagnosis , Muscle Spasticity/diagnosis , Anticoagulants/therapeutic use , Psychotic Disorders/complications , Psychotic Disorders/diagnosis , Psychotic Disorders/genetics , Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial/drug therapy , Genetic Markers , Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2)/genetics , Homocystinuria/complications , Homocystinuria/genetics , Homozygote , Muscle Spasticity/complications , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Mutation
5.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(6): 339-344, June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-838918

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) is an early-onset, neurodegenerative disorder caused by mutations in SACS, firstly reported in Quebec, Canada. The disorder is typically characterized by childhood onset ataxia, spasticity, neuropathy and retinal hypermyelination. The clinical picture of patients born outside Quebec, however, is often atypical. In the present article, the authors describe clinical and neuroradiological findings that raised the suspicion of an ARSACS diagnosis in two female cousins with Germanic background from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We present a review on the neuroimaging, ophthalmologic and neurophysiologic clues for ARSACS diagnosis. The early-onset, slowly progressive, spastic-ataxia phenotype of reported patients was similar to ARSACS patients from Quebec. The SACS sequencing revealed the novel homozygous c.5150_5151insA frameshift mutation confirming the ARSACS diagnosis. ARSACS is a frequent cause of early onset ataxia/spastic-ataxia worldwide, with unknown frequency in Brazil.


RESUMO A ataxia espástica autossômica recessiva de Charlevoix-Saguenay (ARSACS) é uma doença neurodegenerativa de início precoce causada por mutações no gene SACS que foi inicialmente descrita na região de Quebec, Canadá. A apresentação típica de ARSACS é caracterizada por ataxia, espasticidade, polineuropatia e hipermielinização das fibras nervosas da retina de início infantil. No presente artigo, descrevemos os achados clínicos e neurorradiológicos que levaram à suspeita de ARSACS em duas primas descendentes de alemães naturais do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil e revisamos os achados de neuroimagem, oftalmológicos e neurofisiológicos de ARSACS. O fenótipo de ataxia-espástica de início infantil precoce apresentado pelas pacientes era similar ao classicamente descrito em Quebec. O sequenciamento do SACS revelou a mutação nova c.5150_5151insA (mudança na matriz de leitura), em homozigose, confirmando o diagnóstico de ARSACS. A ARSACS é uma causa frequente de ataxia/ataxia-espástica de início precoce mundialmente, entretanto sua frequência é desconhecida no Brasil.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/congenital , Heat-Shock Proteins/genetics , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Muscle Spasticity/diagnostic imaging , Mutation/genetics , Pedigree , Phenotype , Brazil , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/genetics , Spinocerebellar Ataxias/diagnostic imaging
6.
Salud pública Méx ; 52(5): 461-467, sept.-oct. 2010. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-562210

ABSTRACT

Las fumonisinas son una familia de micotoxinas que contaminan al maíz, alteran el metabolismo de los esfingolípidos y del folato, se asocian con defectos del tubo neural y están catalogadas por la Agencia Internacional de Investigación en Cáncer (IARC por sus siglas en inglés) como posibles carcinógenos humanos. Debido a que en México los derivados de maíz constituyen una parte importante de la dieta y existe alta prevalencia de población genéticamente susceptible a la deficiencia de folato, en este ensayo se presentan las evidencias mundiales y nacionales de la exposición a fumonisinas y la relevancia que para México representa la evaluación de esta exposición.


Fumonisins are mycotoxins that contaminate maize, disrupt the folate and sphingolipid metabolism, are associated with neural tube defects, and are considered by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as possible human carcinogens. Since maize-based foods are significant components of the Mexican diet and there is a high prevalence of genetic susceptibility for folate deficiency among Mexicans, this essay presents international and national evidence of fumonisin exposure and the relevance that such exposure represents for Mexico.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Pregnancy , Rats , Young Adult , Folic Acid/metabolism , Food Contamination , Fumonisins/adverse effects , Neural Tube Defects/etiology , Carcinogens, Environmental/adverse effects , Digestive System Neoplasms/chemically induced , Digestive System Neoplasms/epidemiology , Equidae , /antagonists & inhibitors , Fumonisins/chemistry , Fumonisins/pharmacokinetics , Fumonisins/toxicity , Homocystinuria/epidemiology , Homocystinuria/genetics , Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute/chemically induced , Leukoencephalopathies/chemically induced , Leukoencephalopathies/veterinary , Membrane Transport Proteins/metabolism , /deficiency , /genetics , Mexico , Muscle Spasticity/epidemiology , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Neural Tube Defects/chemically induced , Neural Tube Defects/epidemiology , Neural Tube Defects/genetics , Psychotic Disorders/epidemiology , Psychotic Disorders/genetics , Sphingolipids/chemistry , Sphingolipids/metabolism , Swine , Teratogens/toxicity , Young Adult , Zea mays/microbiology
7.
Invest. clín ; 38(3): 155-62, sept. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-213137

ABSTRACT

La espasticidad es aún un desafío a médicos y científicos. Revisamos aquí los conceptos modernos acerca del compromiso de las fibras aferentes la II, III y IV así como también de aquellas que participan en la inhibición presináptica, la modulación de las células de Renshaw e hiperexcitabilidad de las motoneuronas alfa y gama que tienen que ver con este problema médico. Los estudios neurofisiológicos más comunes para evalaur la espasticidad humana son brevemente discutidos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Nervous System Diseases/physiopathology , Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy/pathology
8.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 48(3): 290-6, 1988. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-71459

ABSTRACT

Un varón de 40 años se internó por dificultad creciente para la marcha que había comenzado 2 años antes y que lo había reducido a una silla o a la cama. Hacía 7 años se le había diagnosticado enfermedad de Addison y tomaba regularmente 20 mg/día de hidrocortisona oral. Su padre, un tío paterno y 2 hermanas están sanos; un hermano afectado por oligofrenia, disartria y dificultad para caminar falleció a los 9 años de edad. A su ingreso, el paciente estaba lúcido y orientado,; tenía hiperpigmentaciín leve de piel y mucosas, alopecía en cuero cabeludo y cola de cejas, testículos de 3,5 ml y paraplejía espástica; los miembros inferiores conservaban la sensibilidad táctil y dolorosa. La radiografía de tórax y la reacción de Mantoux eran normales. Las pruebas hormonales de laboratorio confirmaron la insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria (con conservación de la función de la zona glomerulosa) y un hipogonadismo primario; la función tiroidea era normal. La velocidad de conducción motora en miembros inferiores era baja (30-32 m/seg), con aumento de las latencias proximal y distal; esto y el EMG eran compatibles con polineuropatía de tipo mielinopático. Se comprobó leve atrofia cortical difusa (TAC) de cráneo); los potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral mostraron baja amplitud del complejo IV-V y tiempo de conducción central prolongado (5,3 mseg). Los ácidos grasos séricos eran cuantitativa y cualitativamente normales por cromatografía gaseosa. En la biopsia de nervio safeno se observó desmielinización segmentaria y degeneración axonal, sin infiltrados inflamatorios; el estudio ultraestructural demostró, en el citoplasma de algunas células de Schwann, inclusiones bilaminares, en su mayoría curvalíneas, que confirmaron el diagnósticos clínico de adrenomieloneuropatía. Esta rara enfermedad familiar de transmisión recesiva ligada al cromosoma X se origina en un trastorno del metabolismo de los ácidos grasos saturados de cadena muy larga, con compromiso funcional del sistema nervioso y de células productoras de hormonas esteroides


Subject(s)
Adrenal Insufficiency/complications , Paraplegia/genetics , Adrenal Insufficiency/diagnosis , Adrenoleukodystrophy/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatty Acids/metabolism , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Myelin Sheath/ultrastructure , Saphenous Vein/pathology , Testis/pathology
9.
Yonsei Medical Journal ; : 83-86, 1983.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-63725

ABSTRACT

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare hereditary disorder and becomes clinically apparent during adolescence or in childhood and progresses s1owly throughout the adult years with a variability in the severity of expression. We experienced 3 cases of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Cases 1 and 2, which were pure HSP, had only the signs and symptoms of corticospinal tract involvement with the positive family history, and case 3, which was a complicated case of HSP, had distal muscle wasting, dysarthria, signs and symptoms of the corticospinal tracts, and a positive family history. All are thought to be inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle Spasticity/genetics , Paraplegia/genetics
11.
J Indian Med Assoc ; 1977 Oct; 69(7): 141-6
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-95927
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